Choosing the Right Fuel Type for Your Generator

home generator outside home by yard with trees changing color for fall

Instead of having to worry about power outages due to inclement weather or failing power grids, modern fuel-powered generators provide reliable power when you need it most.

Various generator fuel options may work for your home depending on factors such as availability and storage, cost, environmental impact, and more. At NexGen, our experts can help you find and install a home generator that meets your needs today and in the future.

Factors to Consider When Choosing a Fuel Type

Selecting the best fuel for your generator starts with understanding important factors unique to each fuel type. Here’s a good starting point for what factors to consider when choosing a fuel type:

Fuel Availability and Storage

Think about how readily available each fuel type is in your area, especially during emergencies or power outages. Consider the storage requirements and safety precautions associated with each fuel type. Some fuels may require specialized tanks or ventilation, while others may have longer shelf lives.

Cost Considerations

Research the current and projected prices of different fuel types. Factor in the initial purchase price and the most cost-effective option long term. Different generators have varying fuel efficiency ratings. Remember, installing the most fuel-efficient generator can save you money in the future.

Environmental Impact

Consider the environmental impact of each fuel type. Some fuels produce more greenhouse gasses or pollutants than others. Opting for a more sustainable fuel source can help reduce your carbon footprint.

Generator Size and Power Output

Whole house generators are designed to run on specific fuel types. Make sure your chosen fuel is compatible with the generator size and power output you need. Different fuel types can affect the generator's run time. Consider how long you need your generator to operate on a full tank of fuel.

Local Regulations and Building Codes

Check if you need any permits or inspections for your generator installation, particularly regarding fuel storage and exhaust venting. Be aware of any local zoning restrictions that may affect the type of fuel you can use or where you can install your generator.

Maintenance Requirements

Different fuel types require specific maintenance procedures for the fuel system. Consider the frequency and complexity of maintenance tasks associated with each fuel type. Some fuels may impact the overall maintenance needs of the generator. When making your decision, factor in the maintenance costs and schedule.

Types of Generator Fuels

Fuel Type	Advantages	Disadvantages	Best Applications
Natural Gas	Convenient, clean-burning, reliable, long run time	Requires gas line connection, vulnerable to supply disruptions	Residential standby, commercial applications requiring continuous power
Propane	Stored fuel, clean-burning, portable	Requires safe storage & handling, periodic refills, limited run time	Remote locations, RVs, construction sites, off-grid living
Diesel	Efficient, durable, high-power output	Noisy, higher emissions, requires fuel storage	Industrial/commercial, construction, agriculture
Gasoline	Widely available, lower upfront cost, portable	Flammable fuel, less efficient, higher emissions, requires maintenance	Residential backup, portable power, emergency use
Bi-Fuel	Flexible, extended run time, fuel availability options	Higher cost, complex installation & maintenance, space requirements	Situations requiring fuel flexibility and extended run times

Natural Gas

Advantages

Convenience: Readily available in many areas via existing utility lines, eliminating the need for fuel storage and refueling.
Clean-Burning: Produces fewer emissions compared to other fossil fuels, making it a more environmentally friendly option.
Reliable: Consistent supply, not susceptible to shortages or price volatility like liquid fuels.
Long Run Time: Can operate continuously as long as the gas supply is maintained.

Disdvantages

Installation: Requires connection to a gas line, potentially increasing installation complexity and cost.
Vulnerability: Susceptible to disruptions in the fuel supply during natural disasters or emergencies.

Best Applications

Residential Standby: Ideal for homeowners seeking a convenient and reliable backup power source.
Commercial Applications: Suitable for businesses requiring continuous power, such as hospitals or data centers.

Propane (LP Gas)

Propane Tank

Advantages

Stored Fuel: Can be stored on-site in tanks, providing a readily available fuel source even during outages.
Clean-Burning: Produces relatively low emissions compared to gasoline or diesel fuel.
Portable: Propane tanks can be easily transported, making it suitable for mobile applications or off-grid living.

Disadvantages

Storage: Requires safe storage and handling due to its flammability.
Refueling: Requires periodic refills of propane tanks.
Run Time: Limited by the capacity of the propane tank.

Best Applications

Remote Locations: Ideal for areas without access to natural gas lines.
Recreational Vehicles: Commonly used in RVs and campers as a portable generator.
Construction Sites: Provides portable power for various construction activities.

Diesel

Advantages

Efficient: Offers lower fuel consumption, leading to longer run times compared to gasoline.
Durable: Diesel engines are known for their longevity and ability to handle heavy loads.
High Power Output: Ideal for powering large equipment or commercial applications.

Disadvantages

Noise: Diesel generators tend to be louder than other types.
Emissions: Produce higher levels of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides.
Fuel Storage: Requires proper fuel tank storage and handling due to flammability.

Best Applications

Industrial and Commercial: Well-suited for heavy-duty applications requiring high power output and long run times.
Construction: Powers large equipment and tools on job sites.
Agriculture: Used for irrigation pumps, farm equipment, and backup power for livestock operations.

Gasoline

Advantages

Widely Available: Readily accessible at most gas stations, even during emergencies when other fuels may be scarce.
Lower Upfront Cost: Gas-powered generators tend to be more affordable than diesel, natural gas, or bi-fuel models, making them a budget-friendly option for many homeowners.
Portable: Gas engine generators are often smaller and lighter, offering easy portability for recreational activities, job sites, or emergency use.

Disadvantages

Fuel Storage: Gasoline is highly flammable and requires safe storage in approved containers. It also has a limited shelf life, degrading over time and potentially causing starting or performance issues.
Less Efficient: Less fuel-efficient than diesel, resulting in shorter run times and potentially higher long-term fuel costs.
Emissions: Produces higher emissions compared to natural gas or propane, raising environmental concerns and potential health risks.
Maintenance: Requires regular maintenance, including oil changes, filter replacements, and carburetor cleaning to prevent gumming and varnish build-up.

Best Applications

Residential Backup: Suitable for short-term backup power needs in homes during outages.
Portable Power: Ideal for camping, tailgating, outdoor events, and job sites where portability is essential.
Emergency Use: Can provide temporary power during natural disasters or other emergencies.

Bi-Fuel Systems

Advantages

Flexibility: Offers the ability to switch between two fuel types, typically gasoline and propane, providing greater versatility and fuel security.
Extended Run Time: Can operate longer by utilizing both fuel sources when needed.
Fuel Availability: Provides options in case one fuel type becomes scarce or unavailable during emergencies or disruptions.

Disadvantages

Higher Cost: Bi-fuel generators tend to be more expensive than single-fuel models due to their complex design and dual fuel systems.
Complexity: Installation and maintenance can be more complex due to the presence of two fuel systems and the need for specialized components.
Space Requirements: May require additional space for storing both fuel types, especially if propane tanks are used.

Considerations for Installation

Professional Installation: Strongly recommended due to the complexity of connecting two fuel systems and ensuring proper safety protocols are followed.
Local Codes & Permits: Adhere to all local codes and regulations regarding fuel storage, ventilation, and generator placement. Permits may be required for installation.
Maintenance: Follow the manufacturer's instructions for maintenance and servicing, including procedures for both fuel systems and the switchover mechanism.
Fuel Storage: Ensure adequate and safe storage for both fuel types, considering proper ventilation and fire safety precautions.

Maintenance Considerations

In addition to fuel type, homeowners looking for the right backup generator must also think about the long-term costs and maintenance.

Fuel storage and handling can be a substantial operating cost that should be carefully considered. Options like propane and diesel require proper storage and often have expensive delivery charges, while natural gas requires extensive infrastructure for proper tie-in and operation.

Plus, generators, like other mechanical equipment, have specific maintenance requirements based on the fuel type. In general, natural gas generators have lower maintenance cost than diesel or propane generators due to cleaner burning, no fuel storage requirements, and lack of fuel degradation.

Here’s a full breakdown of each fuel type’s maintenance requirements: